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ULTRA HIGH RATE SOLIDS CONTACT TYPE CLARIFIER

Introduction ::

The Ultra High Rate Clarifier (UHRC) is a compact, efficient and low cost clarifier for surface water and waste water clarification. The UHRC design combines technology of solid contact clarifier and plate clarifier. As a result the unit gives improved performance at increased rise rate. The unique design of UHRC offers all the advantages of solid contact and plate clarifier and limitations of individual technology is eliminated.

The UHRC unit is a true solids contact clarifier that combines mixing, flocculation and sedimentation in a single basin. Raw water and chemicals mix with previously formed sludge then pass through distinct zones within the basin for reaction, flocculation, separation, sludge removal and clarification. All occur in a single treatment basin for maximum treated water production in minimal space. With all the advantages shown above, the best choice in solids contact clarifiers is the UHRC.

The UHRC unit excels in treating surface and ground water in such applications as turbidity removal, iron and manganese removal, color removal, lime/soda ash softening and silica removal.

Success of solids contact clarification results from bringing raw water and treatment chemicals into intimate contact with previously formed precipitates. These precipitates help accelerate the chemical reaction and serve as a "seed" (deposit point) for newly-formed precipitates. This helps to maximize the treatment chemical efficiency and create large heavy sludge particles that settle rapidly.

Process Description of UHRC unit ::

Mixing Zone

Raw water and chemicals are intimately mixed in the draft tube in the presence of previously formed sludge recirculated from the bottom of the basin. A high efficiency impeller recirculates the sludge into the reaction-flocculation zone.

Reaction-Flocculation Zone

The reaction-flocculation zone also called Detention Hood receives the total mixed flow from the mixing zone. Flocculation is accelerated here by the intimate contact between reacting chemicals and recirculating precipitated solids on which the newly forming material is deposited. Part of the flow, equal to the raw water rate, is then discharged into the separation (clarification) zone, and the remaining flow is recirculated into the mixing zone.

Clarification Zone

The large area under the edge of the Detention Hood ensures even distribution and low velocity entrance to the clarification zone. The water enters to the outer clarification zone with dense and bigger size of particles, which settles rapidly. Hence it is not necessary to maintain a suspended deep bed of precipitate (sludge) in the settling zone as required for sludge blanket solid contact type of clarifier.

The settling area of clarification zone is greatly enhanced by inclined lamella plates installed near the top surface of clarification zone ultimately reduces the unit size, handles more flow and gives better quality. The overflow from the clarification zone is collected from both the side of the plates through adjustable overflow weirs. This ensures equal distribution of flow among the plates and eliminates uneven loading.

Sludge Removal and Recirculation

A portion of the sludge in the recirculation settles to the bottom of the basin. This settled sludge is moved to the center of the basin by slowly rotating scrapper. The scrapped sludge falls into the sludge hopper where sludge thickening pickets concentrates the sludge and reduces the blow down.

The sludge is automatically or manually removed at regular interval. The remainder of the sludge is recirculated through the draft tube and used to increase the solids content in the flocculation zone and enhance floc formation.

Features and Advantages

Features	Advantages
Combined technology of solid contact clarifier and plate type clarifier	Improved performance at very high flow rates
Reaction, flocculation, separation, sludge removal and clarification occur in a single treatment basin	Minimal space requirement
Intimate and prolonged contact with large quantities of previously formed solids	a) Rapid chemical reaction. b) Complete chemical reaction. c) Dense, easily settled precipitates. d) Minimum chemical requirement
Positive uniform recirculation of solids independent of feed flow	a) Thorough contact with solids. b) Sudden flow fluctuation does not affect the performance. c) Uniform results obtained regardless of feed suspended solid fluctuation. d) Minimum energy consumed
Lamella plates in clarification zone	a) Utilization of complete area. b) Handles higher flow rate. c) Reduces the over all sizes of the equipment hence the cost. d) Gives better outlet quality
Entire bottom of UHRC unit is used for setting and collection of dense precipitates	a) Effective solid handling and sludge removal b) Maximum consistency of sludge
Slowly moving multi-blade sludge scraper arms carry the settled precipitates in to a sludge hopper at the center of the unit	Continuous removal of heavy precipitated sludge from bottom of unit
Thickening pickets concentrate the settled sludge, which is then removed as highly concentrated slurry.	a) Minimum amount of water lost through sludge blow down. b) Maximum solids concentration for subsequent dewatering steps
Simple to operate	Minimum of operator attention required

Applications

Clarification of surface water

Lime soda softening

Removal of colloidal silica

Colour removal

White water recycling

Primary treatment of wastewater

Removal of heavy metals in the chemical and automobile industries

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